To Grade Or Not To Grade, That Is The Problem Essays (1786 words)

To Grade or Not to Grade, That is the Problem - What's your GPA (Grade Point Average)? - Have you taken this course before? What did you get? In his essay The Farce Called "Grading", Arthur E. Lean questions the use of asking these kinds of questions. Grades have become part of our lives as students. People need a grading system and "seem to assume it to be necessary and intrinsic to the process of formal education"(Lean 131). He refers to the grade as "a symbol purporting to express a measurement of academic achievement-an evaluation of the quality and quantity of learning"(Lean 132). There are two main arguments Lean has suggested. First, there is an inconsistency from the graders. Second, he sees the grading system as being unfair and even harmful for students' attitudes toward education. He points out that grading system should be eliminated. To backup the fact that many people are challenging the necessity of the grading system, Lean provides two examples: "A sustained effort should be made to throw out false inducements to learning. In one way or another most of these refer to our obsession with grades?. As a system for evaluating attainment of broad educational aims, it remains a failure. Few teachers have any systematic idea of how to grade fairly. Grading is also the chief villain behind the scandal of college cheating," said Louis T. Benezet (Lean 130). "I have long ago reached the conclusion that the marking system itself is damaging in its impact on the education of our children and youth, and that it should go the way of the hickory stick and dunce caps. It should be abandoned at all levels of education," said Ernest O. Melby (Lean 130). I agree with Lean to some extent that there are some inconsistencies from the graders and perhaps some unfairness occurred to many students. On the other hand, I am not sure that the system is totally harmful for students' attitudes toward education. Also, given the fact that the grading system is a very useful instrument for both motivating and measuring students' academic abilities, the system is still essential to be kept. There is an inconsistency between markers for grading term papers or open questions that I agree with Lean. On his example of several teachers marking the same paper, "invariably the assigned grades on the same theme ranged all the way from A (excellent) to E (failure)" (Lean 132). Although many professors might say that point of view would not be graded while they try not to be biasing, there is no guarantee that a professor would not give a lower mark to a paper because s/he may disagree with some parts of the essay. As a former English class student in grade 12, I notice that my teacher tended to be prejudicing on non-native English writers' papers. The reason I said that was because there is a big grade difference if our papers were marked by another who had not met the writers before. A professional marker who was hired by the English department graded one of our term papers every term. Generally, the non-native English writers received significantly higher marks than th! ey do when our class teacher is marking. The average differential marks for non-native English are about ten percent. As for native English writer, the differential marks are not very much. It is true that the grading system can hardly be absolutely fair. Actually, "most teachers try to be fair and accurate in their estimate" (Lean 133). One teacher who grades a work accurately doesn't suggest that the other teachers would do the same. However Lean claims that "all the time they know--at least, those who are honest with themselves know-that they are attempting the impossible. No self-respecting teacher ever rests peacefully the night after turning in a set of grades, for he knows that the "system" has made a charlatan of him and he goes to bed and hating himself for it" (Lean 133). I don't agree with the way Lean is questioning the teachers since their role is to act as a "judge" on student's work. There is a difference between being unfair and conforming with the system. A teacher who gives the best suitable grade to an assignment is being fair. What Lean suggests is that teachers do not attempt to change the grading system. Lean is being unfair to the teachers! in this way because a teacher's

Why Google is the Workplace Everyone Wants to Join (and you should too)

Why Google is the Workplace Everyone Wants to Join (and you should too) Google isn’t just a tech company anymore, it’s an aspirational lifestyle. Once employees secure a coveted spot, they’re almost cult-like in their reverence for their workplace. Not that getting hired is an easy feat- Google currently gets more than two million job applications each year. (Imagine the HR department!) If you still aren’t sure what all the hype is about, then read on. Here are 10 of the many reasons why so many people are trying to get their foot in the Google door.1. SalaryThere may still be a really terrible gender gap at Google, but overall the company pays its engineers better than anybody else. Base salaries start over $128k per year, and the highest earners make more than $600k, plus bonuses. The company can be very tight-lipped about specific numbers, but know that employees are very well compensated.2. Competitive  benefitsThe trick to quality employee retention these days is stellar benefits. Google knows that happy employees who f eel safe and looked-after work harder and stay longer. Some examples of their offerings include a long (for the United States) maternity leave of 18 weeks, several months of parental leave for other primary caregivers, and excellent health care, investment plans, and survivor benefits.3. Smart and motivated  coworkersGoogle makes a big song and dance about recruiting top talent. When you’re a huge fish in a massive pond of other big fish, it can really push you to be more inspired and do even better work. Google wants to change the world, and its employees are all grateful and jazzed up to be along for the ride. The company also encourages its employees to spend up to 20% of their time on their own personal passion projects. This kind of daily inspiration really makes for happy workers.4. Free grubThe food is plentiful and flowing, and we’re not talking cafeteria food here. We’re talking healthy, varied, gourmet breakfast, lunch, and snacks (even dinner for th e midnight oil-burners). Plus, during the day employees have access to coffee bars and juice bars galore. This saves employees time and money (and often makes them eat better), plus has the added benefit of increasing socialization among colleagues during breaks.5. Pets welcomeNo, seriously. At some campuses, you can bring your dog to work. You can even take your pup out for a walk during your breaks.6. Gadgets galoreGoogle workers get to live in the future. They used Chrome before it hit the market. They have all the latest tablets and phones. This little sneak peak at the trends of the future makes workers feel like they are in the know and shaping everybody else’s tomorrow.7. 24/7 tech supportNo matter how late you’re working, you’ve got the best IT peeps in the country to help you out when you need it- whether your issues are with hardware or software.8. Massage creditsIn some campuses, if you do good work you can earn credits (via recommendations from other employees- not just your boss) that can be redeemed for one-hour massages on the Google campus. Shoulders hurt from all that hunching to get the big project done? No problem.9. On-campus fitness optionsImagine a world of free fitness classes, a free gym, and organized inter-campus intramural sports. This is great for social interaction, as well as for keeping all those bodies as sharp as the minds they’re carrying around.10. Learning opportunitiesGoogle is notable for the amount of time and energy they put into developing their employee’s careers and seeing to it that their best and brightest continue to rise. This includes making sure everyone stays sharp and keeps learning, whether though regular tech talks or guest speakers from every industry imaginable.

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation 5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation Has anybody seen the best punctuation lesson ever given? It was a presentation by a great pianist Victor Borge. He used different sounds for each punctuation mark, and it’s called Phonetic Punctuation. Proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n hÐ ¾ldÃ'• a vÐ µrÃ'Æ' Ã'•Ã'â€"gnÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °nt Ã'€lÐ °Ã' Ã µ Ã'â€"n the English lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ, Ã'•Ð ¾ muÃ' h Ã'•Ð ¾ thÐ °t a holiday wÐ °Ã'• founded in 2004 tÐ ¾ honor Ã'â€"t. Have you ever heard about the NÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l DÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾f PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n? EvÐ µrÃ'Æ' 24th Ð ¾f September, buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ð µÃ'•, media organizations, Ð °nd Ã'•Ã' hÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ð °Ã' rÐ ¾Ã'•Ã'• the UnÃ'â€"tÐ µd StÐ °tÐ µÃ'• celebrate the Ð µvÐ µnt tÐ ¾ rÐ µmÃ'â€"nd people Ð ¾f thÐ µ importance of using Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'• properly. WÐ µll, improving ones wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• Ã'â€"Ã'• the buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• nÐ ¾t only Ð ¾f Ã'•tÃ'â€"Ã' klÐ µrÃ'• fÐ ¾r Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð µr Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n but also Ð ¾f Ð ¾rdÃ'â€"nÐ °rÃ'Æ' people lÃ'â€"kÐ µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u. Nobody wÐ ¾uld Ã'•tÐ °nd rÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng a document Ð ¾r tÐ µxt Ã'•Ã'€rÃ'â€"nklÐ µd with lÐ ¾tÃ'• Ð ¾f commas. And Ã'â€"Ã'•nt it tÃ'â€"rÃ'â€"ng tÐ ¾ rÐ µÃ °d a lÐ µttÐ µr or an essay thÐ °t dÐ ¾Ã µÃ'•nt hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °nÃ'Æ' comma or Ã'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð ¾d at Ð °ll? WÐ ¾rÃ'•Ð µ, Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¾r Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n can Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•t a business mÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f dÐ ¾llÐ °rÃ'• in lost rÐ µvÐ µnuÐ µÃ'•. There is a number of English writing resources available to help you with punctuation. PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Checkers FÐ ¾r people whÐ ¾ Ã' Ã °rÐ µ Ð µnÐ ¾ugh tÐ ¾ Ð µlÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µ punctuation Ð µrrÐ ¾rÃ'• frÐ ¾m thÐ µÃ'â€"r wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ngÃ'•, Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ language Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"ng tÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n checkers can bÐ µ hÐ µlÃ'€ful. If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u frequentlÃ'Æ' wrÃ'â€"tÐ µ rÐ µÃ'€Ð ¾rtÃ'•, presentations, Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ð °lÃ'•, business lÐ µttÐ µrÃ'•, and other important documents, you can use Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã' hÐ µÃ' kÐ µr Ã'•Ð ¾ftwÐ °rÐ µ to Ã'•Ð µÃ µ Ã'â€"f thÐ µrÐ µ are Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n errors Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u hÐ °vÐ µ made in Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur work. Grammar Books and Favorite Novels They are always great resources. You can see how punctuation is used and the books provide you with some rules that you can apply to use punctuation marks correctly in any sentence. Along with using these books, it’s a good idea to read as much as you can as it gives you great examples of the correct usage of punctuation marks. Editing and Proofreading WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"Ã'• Ð °n art that dÐ µmÐ °ndÃ'• mastering many dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. EdÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng writing, Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' tÃ'â€"ng grammar, Ð °nd using proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n are some of thÐ µÃ'•Ð µ skills. Punctuation is thÐ µ least respected Ã'•kÃ'â€"ll. When wÐ µ thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation, wÐ µ may Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation marks, but Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n is much more. Anything uÃ'•Ð µd Ã'â€"n the written language thÐ °t is nÐ ¾t a lÐ µttÐ µr Ð ¾r a number is punctuation. Thus, punÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'•, Ã'•Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã µÃ'• bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn words and shifts Ð °rÐ µ Ð °ll Ã'€Ð °rt Ð ¾f Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. Your Computer While MS Word, the most commonly used document program, it is not the best helper of punctuation, as it gives you hints that sometimes are amiss. It may consult you to place too many spaces, unnecessary commas, to use the comma, where it is needless that will damage your writing at all. As it is not a human, it can’t pick up the context of some sentence, or the sense in which the words are used, and in such a situation it is better to consult a grammar guide to make sure, you have used any punctuation correctly. But still in most cases MS Word will provide you with reasonable advice. Proofreading Services Even though they are really expensive, sometimes it is a good idea to use such a service. Of course. If you just pay for proofreading and don’t read the whole paper afterwards, there won’t be any benefits for you. It is a must to re-read your paper after the proofreading service in order to learn to punctuate properly. Correct punctuation is a half-way to your success. Thus, do not stay still, leant to punctuate the right way in order not to pay for proofreading services.

Basketball why is it my number one US best sports and different in Research Paper

Basketball why is it my number one US best sports and different in rules from NCCA - Research Paper Example The five players from each team may be on the court at one time and substitutions are unlimited though they can only be done when play is stopped. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the hoop during regular play. A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high mounted onto a backboard. Afield goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the hoop than the three point line while three points are scored if the player is outside the three-point line. The team with more points at the end of the game emerges the winners. It is evident that basketball is one of the best and most popular sports in the USA. It has taken a big role in shaping the cultures of many a people, the young and the old alike. One of the reasons making basket ball a popular sport is street basket ball, a spin-off basket ball played by millions of people. Street basket ball players are both females and males with the ages ranging between 5 and 65 years. Kids start familiarizing themselves with the sport at kindergarten levels. A person’s life as a street ball player usually takes many years as it doesn’t require much practice because it is played for fun (Mallon, 49). This introduction of boys and girls to basketball at such a young age has gone a long way in popularizing the game and in most cases street basket ball players proceed to becoming professionals in the sports. Another reason why basketball has been considered one of the most popular sports in USA is the roles played by the National Basketball Association. The NBA has engendered international interests in the sport and also involved the various USA teams in numerous league matches and thus adding growth to the sport. The NBA commitment in basketball world has played a major role in developing and

Public Policy Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Policy Issue - Research Paper Example It is essential for organization to embrace the virtue of â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† and this will enable them to comprehend the incentives that are crucial to the employees and locals. Part A: Issue Description Coca cola is a multinational that is aggressive in its objective of dominating the beverage production and dissemination market. Coca Cola is proceeding with its take over of competitive brands that are threatening its successful domination of the market. Evidently, the Coca Cola products are predominant in the beverage market in numerous countries including the US. The Coca Cola Corporation (US) is insistent on improving the healthcare arrangement to become inexpensive to employees (Geisel 1). Numerous organizations are dependent on the contribution of their employees in enhancing the productivity of their companies. The US authorities are pressurizing corporations to enhance the medical standards that govern the health procedures of individuals (O’ Connell 1). Some institutions are reluctant to integrate these policies in their programs citing it will increase their expenses and this will eat into their earnings. In addition, several institutions are instigating plans to structure health plans that will subsidize the medical expense of their employees. It is probable that this law can injure the profit margins of the institutions and this debate has been soaring with several institutions advocating for its revocation. However, it is vital to consider the tribulations that employees undergo in carrying on their duties and initiate policies that can mitigate the health hazards that will occur (O’Connell 1). Part B: Business Political Strategies Stakeholders Primary Coca cola Management Coca Cola Employees (US Branch) Secondary US Government US Citizens And Workforce I. Financial Strategy a. Political Consulting Our organization, the Coca Cola Corporation (US), will commence initiatives that will encompass the governments request for corporations to create affordable health packages for their employees. It is imperative for our organization to facilitate the formulation of tactics that will assist in the enhancement of healthcare (Geisel 1). This program will entail the intervention of the Governmental authorities to explain the financial structure of this health reform. Our responsibility is to impact positive elements in the dissemination of inexpensive health to individuals. This paper is discussing the influence of public guidelines and strategies that Coca Cola can adopt to ensure its organization is in cohesion with the requirement of the Public Policy Authorities. Our company acknowledges there has to be initiatives that will assist incorporation of the healthcare improvements. It is debated that reforming the employees health insurance is coherent and is representative of the privileges of staff (O’Connell 1). We will present our analysis of reforms that will be beneficial to the organ ization employees and illustrate the welfare prospects of our corporation. b. Economic Leverage The Coca Cola Corporation will liaise with a particular health provider that can offer favorable rates for the corporation’s employees (Geisel 1). This will diminish the expense of the cooperation in medical affairs since the hospitals will consider the special

Transgenderism and homosexuality in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq Essay Example for Free

Transgenderism and homosexuality in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq Essay Introduction In this paper I will address the issues of transgenderism and homosexuality. These issues are quite controversial and attitude to them is different in different countries of the world. It should be mentioned that attitude to sexual minorities is different in different countries of the world and varied though time. Brief Outline of the Homosexual and Transgender Issues The first question under discussion is the homosexual relations. We can observe a great number of laws, intended to regulate the relations between people of the same sex. In some countries this is considered quite acceptable. People of the same sex are even allowed to marry legally and even adopt children. In the other communities the attitude to the same-sex relations is completely different and homosexuals can even be punished with the death penalty for their homosexual conduct. The fist laws on same-sex relations date back to 600 BC in ancient Crete and Sparta. These were the first laws allowing adult men to participate in the same sex relations (Rothblatt, 1995). In the majority of the Western cultures same-sex relations are tolerated and calling a person a gay or a lesbian can be considered even sufficient enough for a libel lawsuit, like this happened in case of Jason Donovan and Liberace, who won the case against the newspaper calling them gays (Rothblatt, 1995). However, we can’t say that homosexual relations are always tolerated. The first laws against same-sex relations date back to 550 BC, when homosexuals were called Leviticus and punished with the death penalty. Many scholars attribute this difference in attitudes to a distinction between Judaism and Paganism. Pagan religions usually consider same-sex relations to be normal, while Judaism, Christianity and Islam blame people for the same-sex relations. One more issue under discussion in this paper is transgenderism, which can be briefly defined as a social movement, which is intended to support transgender rights and raise self-esteem of transgender people. One more definition, which I’d like to mention, is the one proposed by Martine Rothblatt in her book â€Å"Apartheid of Sex†, where she defines â€Å"transgenderism as a grassroots political movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride† (Rothblatt, 1995). On the other hand, transgenderism, is usually used to denote a phenomenon of gender identity disorder. This definition is supported by the International Journal of Transgenderism. Transsexualism is also a subject matter of the study in this paper. It is usually defined as a condition, when individuals identify themselves with the physical sex different from the one of their birth. After the sexual revolution in Western Europe, which took place in the end of 20th century transsexualism became a recognized notion, however, in many other countries of the world it is still a taboo due to the religious and cultural norms accepted in the definite country (Lang, 1997). Quite close to the notion of transsexualism is the notion of transvestism, which is defined as a practice of cross-dressing, when a person wears the cloths of the opposite sex and thus associates him/herself with the individual of the opposite sex. Transgenderism and Homosexuality in the Middle East It should be mentioned that attitude to homosexuals, transgender people and transvestites differ from country to country. While the attitude to them in the West European cultures is quite moderate, Eastern cultures usually do not accept them. This is greatly due to the great influence of religion on the lives of all people. Islam has stricter rules concerning the sexual life of individuals be it people with traditional sexual orientation, transgender people or homosexuals. A lot depends also on the position of the government and their attitude to sexual minorities. The issues of transgenderism and homosexuality are quite different, which leads even to different attitudes towards them based on the Quran interpretation. The Quran considers â€Å"approaching males in lust, as well as the castration of males, as the sin of the people of Lot† (Quran 7:81, 26:165-166, 27:55, 29:28-29). On the other hand it’s quite acceptable under the Quran to use as passive sex partners the ancient category of men who by nature lacked desire for women, since such men were not considered â€Å"male† due to the fact that they lacked of arousal for women. These kinds of men are often known as â€Å"gays† today, but in the ancient world they were identified as anatomically whole â€Å"natural eunuchs† (Malik, 2007). Also these men, who lack arousal for women, are called â€Å"ghair oolaa il-irbati min ar-rijaali† (Quran:24:31) which translates as â€Å"without the defining skill of males† (Malik, 2007). These men are by Islam allowed to see woman naked. Islam is extremely against a man seeing any part of a woman if they are not directly related or wed, to the extent where, in some translations, the woman has to even cover her hair with a scarf. This only proves the fact that Islam doesn’t consider these individuals as me. They belong to their own category, which is not is not regulated by the rules of the Quran. The reason of intolerable attitude of the Quran to homosexual relations lies in the interpretation of marriage. Muslim people strongly believe in heterosexual marriage, and do not accept sexual activity before marriage between a man and woman. Since there can’t be any marriage between the persons belonging to the same sex, sexual relations between a man and man or woman and woman are also prohibited. As a result many Muslim Middle Eastern nations consider LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) issues as a crime which is punished by fines or by imprisonment. In some countries homosexuality is even punished by the death penalty. Examples of such countries are Afghanistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Brown, 2005). Some researchers explain why nations of the Middle East do not accept sexual minorities in the following way: â€Å"many Middle Eastern nations did not gain full independence until the 1960’s—1970’s and those nations that were unified and independent were focused on foreign policy conflicts and economic development†. (Brown, 2005). Moreover, â€Å"most Middle Eastern nations were authoritarian regimes based on Islamic fundamentalism. Thus gay citizens had little or no free democratic institutions to openly influence public policy. Political parties or organized were prohibited. ‘Moderate’ nations that allowed for some degree of political and social freedom never extended to any challenge to the laws and opinion regarding sexual orientation† (Brown, 2005). In this paper I will consider in more detail the issues associated with homosexuality and transgenderism in four countries of the Middle East, namely Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Kuwait The fist country, which I will analyze in regard with its attitude to LGBT issues, is Kuwait. It should be mentioned that the attitude of Kuwaiti people towards sexual minorities is generally shaped by Islam and the government. Kuwait is 85  % Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). As it was already mentioned Islam does not tolerate homosexuality and in some cases transgenderism is associated as homosexual behavior as well. The other factor, which influences the attitude to LGBTs, is the government. Kuwait is a constitutional emirate, (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007) functioning under authoritative document that contains all the laws determining the operations and limits of that government. Also, the Kuwaiti government is a government where power and the final word belongs to the emir ( roughly translated as prince, but means the ruler of the state). Furthermore, the legal system is a civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters(Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). This technically means that Islamic laws would interfere with personal issues such as a person’s sexual orientation. Homosexuality in Kuwait is illegal and punished (International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, 2002). An example of such an incident where homosexuality was punished and discriminated against occurred in February 2005, where the police charged a group of 28 alleged homosexuals with creating a public disturbance after they met outside a fast-food restaurant. On October 27, police raided a party where homosexuals were allegedly celebrating a wedding. On December 10, the legislative committee of the National Assembly unanimously approved a law to impose a fine of $3,450 (1,000 dinars) and/or one year’s imprisonment for those imitating the opposite sex (Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate, 2007). In the case of transgender, however, the attitude is a bit milder. Thus, the legal stand is that it is appropriate to treat transgender people medically if it possible. But in some cases the problem of a transgender person is simply denied. The Kuwaiti court recently had a case where a 25 year old man who underwent a sex change operation wanted to be regarded as a woman. This ruling was overturned by the court under the belief that God decides gender and humans have no right to change it. â€Å"Ahmed is still a man, and the operation he had does not change the way he was created, even if it changed the way he looks to others†, said Mohammed al-Tabtabai, the dean of Kuwaits Sharia College (Kuwait: transsexual fighting for recognition, 2004) Transgenderism is still unclear and uncertain when it comes to the law and the government, in society, however, it is clearly unaccepted. An example of this can be seen from an interview with a cross dressing kuwaiti male. In reference to his family, this cross dressing kuwaiti male says that, â€Å"They (his parents) tolerated me as a child, thinking it was a result of growing up in an all-girls family. Eventually as I got older, they kicked me out of the house, but agreed to pay for my education abroad. They said what I’m doing is extremely shameful, and while they love and care about me, they can no longer be seen with me. They don’t like the embarrassment. I left right away, it was very hurtful. I was very dependent on my mother. I was also hurt because my sisters didn’t help me when I thought they would. They are also embarrassed with me because students used to make fun of them at school, when they would pick me up from class† (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007). Furthermore, in reference to teachers, he said â€Å"They never helped me when others teased me. They treated me like I was a mentally ill child whenever I’d request their help. I would play with the girls in the playground and the girls used to complain that it’s a â€Å"just for girls† game. Teachers would pick me up and throw me out† (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007). Finally, In reference to his peers, they were the harshest. He stated â€Å"I wish it was just teasing. I was beaten and very humiliated. After I came home with a broken arm and nose, it was too dangerous for me to go to public school, so my parents forced me to switch to home schooling† (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007). Although they are treated badly by society and the government, homosexuals and transsexuals actually take a stand and fight for their rights. Kuwaiti transsexuals and homosexuals have applied for a permit to form their own association. They are hoping to get some protection from Kuwait law especially after the Kuwaiti parliament (Majles al Umma) decreed laws that criminalize changing to the `third sex.` (Improvisations: Arab Woman Progressive Voice, 2007) Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Saudi Arabia The other country under discussion is Saudi Arabia, which is 100  % Muslim. Its government type is a monarchy, under which all the power belongs to the monarch who controls the entire state. This monarchy is very strict and very harsh. Furthermore, the legal system in Saudi Arabia is based on the Sharia law, which is all based on a very strict version of Islam (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). Saudi Arabia takes Islam to the extreme, to the point where the position of a woman is almost illegal. They are not allowed to walk out of the house without covering up, so one can only imagine the lack of tolerance Saudi Arabia would have for homosexuals. Homosexuality is severely punished, in some cases even with the death penalty. Moreover, the death penalty is carried out in a barbaric manner. In Saudi Arabia it is still accepted to stone homosexuals to death. An example of such a barbaric incidence occurred 7 years ago when the Saudi government imprisoned nine Saudi men and lashed them for engaging in cross-dressing and homosexual acts. Moreover, they executed three Yemeni male workers for homosexuality and child molestation. In addition, in April 2005, the government imprisoned a hundred men because they were at a private party that was most probably a same-sex wedding ceremony or a birthday party. Yet, not long after a gay foreign couple was sentenced to death for homosexuality and allegedly killing a man who was blackmailing them for homosexuality (Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia, 2007).   The other accident of the death penalty for homosexual behavior happened in 1996, when one Saudi man was beheaded for homosexual behavior (Gay Marriage†¦in Saudi Arabia? 2007). The attitude to transgenderism in Saudi Arabia is a bit different. The government also does not tolerate it, however, permits surgery for intersex people in case it is proven that this is a mental disorder. â€Å"Saudi Arabia does not allow surgery for transsexuals, but permits operations on people with an intersex condition† (Usher, 2007). An extreme example of such surgeries took place to five sisters who wanted to change their sex to male. The doctor carrying out the surgery stressed that he just made â€Å"gender correction† rather than sex change operations. This doctor, Dr Jamal has preformed has performed over 200 sex change operations. However, as he states most of the operations were performed were on androgynous babies. Saudi Arabian, Dr Jamal, emphasized that these five girls were actually inter-sexed, and he would never perform surgery on people with normal genitalia but wanted to belong to the opposite sex, because as he states â€Å"Islam did not allow people to change what God had created† (Usher, 2007). Transvestism is severely punished. For example, Saudi man was given 200 lashes and 6 months in prison for cross dressing at a wedding party (Saudis Arrest 5 Pakistani TGs, 1998). Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Iran The other country, which is would like to describe regarding its attitude to LGBT issues, is Iran. The attitude to sexual minorities here is ambiguous. On the one hand homosexuality is punished by death; on the other hand, Iran is the country, which legally performs sex change operations in the word. Iran is 98  % Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). Its legal system is based on Sharia law, and its government is a theocratic republic, which is a form of government controlled by religious authority. Moreover, there is a Deity who is considered the supreme civil ruler, and his laws interpreted by the mullahs (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007) Basically Iran is an extremely Muslim state, which explains completely the intolerable attitude of people and government to homosexuality. â€Å"All sexual relations that occur outside of a traditional, heterosexual marriage (i.e. sodomy or adultery) are illegal and no legal distinction is made between consensual or non-consensual sexual activity. Homosexual relations that occur between consenting adults in private are a crime and carry a maximum punishment of death† (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007). In addition, there are no civil rights legislation that exist in that disallow discrimination against homosexuals, and only negative depictions of homosexuality are allowed in the press. The concept of sexual orientation is not recognized in Iran, nor does the judiciary acknowledge the existence of LGBT people and instead believes that all people are normally heterosexual. Thus, they claim that `homosexuality is a violation of the supreme will of their God. As a result, no laws exist that protect LGBT Iranians from discrimination, harassment, or bias-motivated violence, and as a theocratic political system, no such laws are permitted to exist. Most Iranian LGBT people remain in the closet about their sexual orientation for fear of being the victims of discrimination, hate crimes, government sanctions, corporal punishment, and/or capital punishment. Male homosexuality is a crime punished by death, The way they are killed is usually barbaric, but ultimately decided by the Sharia judge. All homosexuals are punished by death unless they are not sane or are not adult. Juveniles who are accused and proved to have engaged in homosexual behavior are punishment with 74 lashes. (Articles 108 to 113) This is proved by confession or by the testimony of four righteous men only and not women. Different homosexuals acts have different levels of punishment. For instance â€Å"Tafhiz†, which is the rubbing of the thighs or buttocks, done by two men is punished with 100 lashes. If this act is repeated four times then they will be punished with the death penalty. (Articles 121 and 122). Furthermore If two men simply stand naked under one cover together without touching or anything, they are punished with up to 99 lashes. If one man kisses another in a sexual way they are punishment with 60 lashes. (Articles 123 and 124). As for adolescents, in 2007 two teenagers have been executed for homosexual behavior, (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007) even is this goes against the law stated earlier. Female homosexuality is punished less severely. Thus, women are usually punished with 100 lashes. However if the act is repeated more than three times then they will be punished with death. Women who stand naked under one cover without touching or any farther acts of lust and are not relatives are punished with 100 lashes. (Article 134)` (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007). Real life examples that occurred in Iran of punishing homosexual behavior according to The Boroumand Foundation exceed 107 executions between 1979 and 1990. Moreover according to Amnesty International, at least 5 people convicted of `homosexual tendencies`, three men and two women, were executed in January 1990, as a result of the Iranian governments policy of calling for the execution of those who practice homosexuality. However, transsexuals are considered completely normal, greatly due to the fact that since 1980s transexuality is considered an illness that can be corrected by surgery (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007). Iran has between 15,000 and 20,000 transsexuals, according to official statistics. In addition Iran has more sex change operations than any country in the world next to Thailand. These operations have been legal since Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Islamic revolution, passed a fatwa legalizing them nearly 25 years ago, under the fact that the Quran says nothing about sex change operations for those who need them. Transsexuality is considered an illness, while an operation is the cure. Furthermore, not only does the government allow sex change operations, they fund it as well as the hormone therapy needed. An example of a transgendered person in Iran Mahyar. As a small child Mahyar liked dressing up in womens clothes and playing with make-up. This obsession did not die, in fact it only increased over time, and as she got older she stated that `I badly needed to do it but it had to be in secret,` and now she wants to have a sex-change operation. Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Iraq Finally, I’d like to discuss one more country – Iraq. It should be mentioned that homosexuality was considered legal in Iraq under Saddam Hussein until late 2001. However, later the attitude towards it changed and became stricter due to the pressure from religious conservatives. Under the law passed in 2001 homosexuality was punished by imprisonment, and repeated convictions were defined to be punishable even by death. However, there were still no cases when homosexuals were punished with the death penalty. Hussein did not consider homosexuality to be a crime due to the fact that it was against the Secular Socialist beliefs of the Baath Party. Now the legal status of homosexuality is still a matter of severe dispute. Thus, we can see that homosexuality is not illegal in Iraq de jure, but still remains a taboo (Brown, 2005) The legal basis of Iraq concerning homosexual and transgender issues is quite controversial. On the one hand Iraq does not have a definite criminal or penal code concerning these issues. On the other hand this does not mean that sexual minorities have the same rights as people with traditional sexual orientation. This controversy arises from the inner controversy in the country. Thus, Iraq was a secular socialist dictatorship, but its life is generally ruled by the fundamentalist Islam. One prove of the intolerable attitude of the public towards sexual minorities can be seen in the event, which took place in 1993. Then Iraq’s United Nations representatives opposed the International Lesbian Gay Associations application, when the latter tried to apply for consultative status as a non-governmental organization. The explanation of this act was simple: â€Å"based on our firm belief that the work of this organization runs counter to the beliefs of all divine religions.† (Brown, 2005). Conclusions So, as we can see the attitude to sexual minorities in Iraq is milder than in the other countries of the Middle East but still it is quite severe if compared with the Western Europe. Still the problem of treating homosexual and transgender issues exists. This is greatly because of the strong influence of the religion on the public and political life of the country. As Islam is quite a strict religion concerning the sexual life of the people, it makes the situation of the sexual minorities really hard. However, as we can see little by little homosexuals and transgender people still gain their rights and probably in the future their position in the Middle East will not be that dangerous. References Brown, Edward TJ. (2005). Iraq: Sexual Orientation, Human Rights and the Law. Online. Available from: http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/iraq/iqnews003.htm 30 November 2007.    Central intelligence agency. The world factbook. Online. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html#People 30 November 2007. Improvisations: Arab Woman Progressive Voice. News and Commentary on Arab Women, Palestine, Cultural Politics, and Everything in Between. Online. Available from: http://arabwomanprogressivevoice.blogspot.com/2007/09/kuwaiti-boyaats-seek-to-unite.html 30 November 2007. International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (2002). Kuwait. Status of Sexual Minorities. Amnesty International Report. Middle East and North Africa. Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual. Online. Available from: http://www.mideastyouth.com/2007/07/21/interview-with-a-kuwaiti-transsexual 30 November 2007. Kuwait: transsexual fighting for recognition. (2004). Online. Available from: http://mostlyafrica.blogspot.com/2004/11/kuwait-transsexual-fighting-for.html 30 November 2007. Lang, Sabine. (1997). Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. University of Illinois Press. LGBT Rights in Iran. Online. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran#_note-7 30 December 2007. Malik, Faris. Queer Sexuality and Identity in the Quran and Hadith. Online. Available from: http://www.well.com/user/aquarius/Qurannotes.htm 30 December 2007. Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate. Online. Available from: http://mpetrelis.blogspot.com/ 30 November 2007. Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia Online. Available from: http://www.gaymiddleeast/country/saudiarabia 30 November 2007. Rothblatt, Martine (1995). Apartheid of Sex. Westview Press. Saudis Arrest 5 Pakistani TGs. (1998). PlanetOut Corporation. Usher, Sebastian. Gender correction for Saudi girls. Online. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3814041.stm 30 November 2007.

Skin Cancer :: essays research papers

Skin Cancer What is it and how to prevent it Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers. There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. In this presentation I plan to discuss a little about each of these cases as well as tell ways to prevent and treat them. The first most common skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma. This cancer develops in the basal or bottom layer of the epidermis, which is the top layer of the skin. The cause of this cancer is a gene called patched or PTC, which helps to control cell growth and development. If this gene is missing, defective, or damaged by ultra violet radiation, unrestrained cell proliferation may result. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears as a small, fleshy bump, which most often appears on the head, neck, or hands. This type of cancer seldom occurs in African Americans, but they are the most common skin cancers found in fair- skinned persons. These tumors don’t spread quickly. It could take months or years for one to grow to a diameter of one- half inch. If untreated the cancer could begin to bleed, crust over, heal and then the cycle repeats. The second most common skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer develops in the upper layers of the epidermis. Although this cancer is more aggressive than basal cell cancer, it is still relatively slow growing and is more likely to spread to other locations, including internal organs. Squamous cell cancer is usually found on the rim of the ear, the face, the lips and mouth. However, the disease is usually painless, but may become painful with the development of ulcers that do not heal. This cancer often originates from sun- damaged skin and usually begins at age 50. When found and treated early as well as properly, the cure rate by dermatological surgery is 95%. The third and most deadly skin cancer is malignant melanoma. This cancer develops in the pigment cells, which are found throughout the basal layer. Although melanoma is almost always curable when detected early, it is responsible for three quarters of all skin cancer deaths. About 48,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the United States. About 7,700 people die from this disease each year. Melanoma may suddenly appear without warning but it may also begin in or near a mole or other dark spots in the skin.

Korean Drink Sikhye Essay

Seol, the biggest traditional Korean holiday of the year, is when family members gather and eat a traditional meal with a variety of dishes which eventually, leads to overeating. What drink is used help digest all those food, Sikhye. Sikhye is a sweet drink made of malt and rice that has been a traditional beverage throughout Korean culture. It was first introduced in a book on knowledge of living called Samunsaseol in 1740. In the 1800s the recipe was revealed in cook books named Gyungonyoram and Siuijeonseo. There are various kinds of sikhye, Andong sikhye, Jinju sikhye, dried meat sikhye from Gyeongsangdo, dried pollack sikhye from Gangwondo, halibut sikhye from Hamgyeongdo, sailfin sandfish sikhye, and yeonan sikhye. It is said that Sikhye was created in North Korea and made mainly of fishes, powdered red pepper, and radish. Then it was introduced in the South and instead of fishes, malt was put in. After that it gradually known to be established with malt and rice only. Sikhye is a fermented drink made through patience. This drink was first drunk due to its job of stimulating digestion. Sikhye is also referred to dansul or gamju. While Sikhye is rice punch with rice floating in it, gamju is rice punch without rice floating in it. The famous drink is made by pouring malt water into boiled glutinous rice to leave for a while to ferment. Then the rice is removed from the water and rinsed and drained. The remaining water is boiled with sugar and ginger and served cool with the rice. The taste of this refreshment is the malt that is used. Malt is also significant due to its nutritional value. Sikhye is a natural sweet drink made without any artificial sweeteners. This drink prevents food from decomposing in our bodies and has anti-cancer substances. That is why it is important to drink sikhye after a meal. Due to this fact, it was served to Kings as a dessert. The beverage helps balance the body warming a cold body and cooling a hot body. Therefore it is good for diets and hangovers. Sikhye, one of the most cherished Korean drinks, is an important factor in Korean Culture. With its refreshing while unique sweet taste, it grabs people from different ethnicities. It is found in almost every Korean grocery store. While its great while bought, it best when homemade especially in Korea. In Korea, homemade Sikhye is naturally made which makes it distinctive from other drinks. It is known to be one of the best drinks in the culture. There are little ingredients that go in Sikhye, but there it needs a lot of patience to make. The ingredients in this refreshment are Korean rice, malt powder, warm water, caster sugar, ginger, and pine nuts if want to garnish. When making sikhye, what you need to do first is to mix warm water and powdered malt and leave it for three to four hours until the water becomes yellowish. The next step is to mix hard-boiled rice with the malt water in a small earthenware jar and keep it warm for four to five hours. The temperature should be kept at 60 to 70 degrees. If it were lower or higher temperatures, it would spoil the fermentation process. After about four hours, open the jar and check to see if the grains of rice are floating and if they are, take the rice out of the jar using a strainer, and rinse it with cold water and place it in a separate container. Then refrigerate the rice. The next step is to boil the remaining water and add some sugar for taste. Remove the foam that appears on the surface while boiling. After boiling the water, put it in a jar and refrigerate it, to make it cold. When served in special occasions, pour the water in a glass bowl and put the floating rice and other ingredients for decoration. If need more sweetening, add more sugar. This is how to prepare Sikhye and serve it during occasions.

Medical Office Basics: Hoarding

Do you have a problem selling, throwing away, or even recycling things? If you do it is very possible that you may have an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder referred to as Hoarding. Another way to tell if you have this problem is if you shop too much. According to the International OCD Foundation, 3 out of every 4 people shop excessively. While collecting research and reading over signs and symptoms that I will cover later in this paper I realized that I may have an undiagnosed Hoarder in my immediate family. The International OCD Foundation states, â€Å"Hoarding is a complex disorder that is made up of three connected problems: 1) collecting too many items, 2) difficulty getting rid of items and 3) problems with organization. † Of the items hoarded the most common are newspapers and clothes, but also commonly includes containers, junk mail, craft items, books, trash, and in some cases animals. Even collectors can eventually fall into the category of being a Hoarder when their collection becomes so overwhelming that they are no longer able to display their possessions in a safe manner. The clutter in a persons’ dwelling must create a health and safety concern, and also significant distress, in order to truly be categorized as a disorder. It is estimated that as many as 1 in every 20 people have a substantial amount of hoarding problems. The act of Hoarding, cluttering of living spaces and keeping items of little to no value, is most commonly found in older age groups but in rare cases can also be found in adolescents and children as early as 3 years old. The reason that hoarding is found so commonly in the elderly is because the severity of the disorder increases with each decade of life. Hoarding is also found to be more dominant in men than in women. Symptoms of Hoarding are believed to begin in early childhood or adolescence and progress each year without proper therapy. Hoarding is one of only two psychiatric disorders that increase in severity and prevalence as you progress in life, the other is Dementia. There are many consequences that come along with Hoarding, one of the worst being evicted from your home or even your house being ruled as condemned. There was a study done that found 45% of Hoarders could not use their refrigerators, 42% could not use their kitchen sink, 42% could not use this bathtub, 20% cannot use their bathroom sink, and 10% could not use their toilet. In many cases finances also become an immeasurable quandary in a Hoarders life due to paying for storage units for their priceless treasures, buying items to add to their clutter and paying housing fines caused by their property appearing disheveled or having â€Å"lack of curb appeal†. There are four primary characteristics of Hoarding. The first thing you could see is depression or anxiety with a family history of hoarding. Secondly people who hoard have difficult time processing information; these problems can usually be interpreted as having Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder qualities. Third, people who hoard tend to form intense emotional attachments to a wider variety of objects than a person who doesn’t hoard. Hoarders attach human-like qualities to inanimate objects. In other words, asking a Hoarder to get rid of an item is like asking them to get rid of a loved one. The last characteristic is that Hoarders do not want to waste objects or throw away items that could be seen as a loss of opportunity represented by the object. As far as treatments for Hoarding there have not been many medical advances. The only treatments medical professionals have been able to come up with thus far are psychiatric treatments, interventions by friends and family, and prescription medications. Although there are medical professionals hoarders could talk to many times they will come up with reasons to avoid getting help such as, cost of treatment, transportation problems, negative views of mental health, low motivation, and lack of public awareness. Future psychotherapy research may focus more on behavioral (exposure treatment) rather than traditional cognitive therapy principles. If you are concerned that you may have some hoarding tendencies there are various types of tests available online to determine if you are a hoarder and how extreme your case might be. There is a test called Saving Inventory-Revised that only involves a test of 24 questions before revealing your score at the end. Another test that would be useful is called the Clutter Image Rating, this test will give you four picture examples of what hoarding looks like and you compare your house with the pictures given in order to rate at what stage of a Hoarder you are. While researching and writing about this topic I learned many things about hoarding that I had not already known. There are many things about Hoarding that you cannot learn by just watching a show on television such as the different treatments that are offered and the things required to classify someone as a Hoarder. I have now come to the conclusion after comparing pictures of a family member’s home to those on the Clutter Image Rating website and now knowing the requirements to being a Hoarder that I do in fact have an undiagnosed Hoarder in the family. References (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ocfoundation.org/hoarding Frost, R. O. (2010). Stuff: Compulsive Hoarding and the Meaning of Things. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Paxton, M. (2011). The Secret Lives of Hoarders. New York: Penguin Group.

Free Essays on Heroic Code

Heroic Code in the Iliad and the Odyssey In Webster’s Dictionary, a hero is defined as a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of purpose, especially if this individual has risked or sacrificed his life. In the Iliad and the Odyssey, the code which administers the conduct of the Homeric heroes is a straightforward idea. The aim of every hero is to achieve honor. Throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey, different characters take on the role of a hero. Honor is essential to the Homeric heroes, so much that life would be meaningless without it. Thus, honor is more important than life itself. Throughout the Iliad, heroic characters make decisions based on a specific set of principles, which are referred to as the â€Å"code of honor.† The heroic code that Homer presents to readers is easy to recognize because the heroic code is the cause for many of the events that take place, but many of the characters have different perceptions of how highly the code should be regarded. Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors, begins the poem as a model for a hero. His dedication and firm belief in the code of honor is described many times throughout the course of the Iliad. As a reward for heroic traits in battle, prizes were sometimes awarded to victors of war. In Book 1 Achilles receives Chryseis as a prize and a symbol of honor. Heroism had its rewards and its setbacks which ultimately was the backbone of the Illiad in the case of Achilles prize. Hector, arguably the greatest Trojan warrior or even the bravest of the Homeric heroes is very fierce and fights for wh at he believes is his destiny. In book VI Hector expresses his bravery when Andromache pleads with Hector not to fight when Hector says, â€Å"But I would die of shame to face the men of Troy and the Trojan woman trailing their long robes if I would shrink from battle now, a coward. Nor does the sprit urge me on that way. I’ve learned it all too well. To stand up... Free Essays on Heroic Code Free Essays on Heroic Code Heroic Code in the Iliad and the Odyssey In Webster’s Dictionary, a hero is defined as a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of purpose, especially if this individual has risked or sacrificed his life. In the Iliad and the Odyssey, the code which administers the conduct of the Homeric heroes is a straightforward idea. The aim of every hero is to achieve honor. Throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey, different characters take on the role of a hero. Honor is essential to the Homeric heroes, so much that life would be meaningless without it. Thus, honor is more important than life itself. Throughout the Iliad, heroic characters make decisions based on a specific set of principles, which are referred to as the â€Å"code of honor.† The heroic code that Homer presents to readers is easy to recognize because the heroic code is the cause for many of the events that take place, but many of the characters have different perceptions of how highly the code should be regarded. Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors, begins the poem as a model for a hero. His dedication and firm belief in the code of honor is described many times throughout the course of the Iliad. As a reward for heroic traits in battle, prizes were sometimes awarded to victors of war. In Book 1 Achilles receives Chryseis as a prize and a symbol of honor. Heroism had its rewards and its setbacks which ultimately was the backbone of the Illiad in the case of Achilles prize. Hector, arguably the greatest Trojan warrior or even the bravest of the Homeric heroes is very fierce and fights for wh at he believes is his destiny. In book VI Hector expresses his bravery when Andromache pleads with Hector not to fight when Hector says, â€Å"But I would die of shame to face the men of Troy and the Trojan woman trailing their long robes if I would shrink from battle now, a coward. Nor does the sprit urge me on that way. I’ve learned it all too well. To stand up...

Definitions and Examples of Partitives in Grammar

Definitions and Examples of Partitives in Grammar   In English grammar, a partitive is a word or phrase (such as some of or a slice  of) that indicates a part or quantity of something as distinct from a whole.Partitive is also called partitive noun or partitive noun phrase and is from the Latin partitus, relating to a part. Partitives can appear before mass (or noncount) nouns as well as count nouns. Although most partitive constructions refer to a quantity or amount, some are used to indicate quality or behavior (the kind of teacher  who ... ).  Ã‚   Examples and Observations You must have been warned against  letting the golden hours slip by. Yes, but some of them are golden only because we let them slip. (J.M. Barrie, Courage. Rectorial Address delivered at St. Andrews University, May 3, 1922)Computers make it easier to do a lot of things, but most of the things they make it  easier to do, dont need to be done. (Andy Rooney on 60 Minutes)Now Murrells eyes followed an ant on a blade of grass, up the blade and down, many times in the single moment. (Eudora Welty, A Still Moment. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. Harcourt, 1980)Soap gumdrops, soap cigars, soap pickles, soap chocolates, and even a bar of soap that dyed its user an indelible blue made life exciting for the friends of a Johnson Smith addict. (Jean Shepherd, A Fistful of Fig Newtons. Random House, 1981)Not a part of the rock or a speck of moss or a streak of some other mineral, it was one of those stubborn bits of green felted cardboard that these rocks were always fixed on inside of the boxes. (Sharon Fiffer, Buried Stuff. Minotaur Books, 2010) It doesn’t matter if you’re a high school kid on your bike, or if you’re an egghead like me with a  boatload  of degrees. Anybody can be a birder. (Ben Kingsley as Lawrence Konrad in A Birders Guide to Everything, 2014)I am not just some here-today-gone-tomorrow  sort of person who blows hot and cold  like a feather in the windblown about by air. Oh no. Believe me, my love for you is, was and always will be true and oh-so-real. (Dawn French, Dear David Cassidy in  Dear Fatty.  Arrow Books, 2009) Partitives With Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns Count nouns that can act as the first element in such a structure (e.g. piece, bit, sort, etc.) are partitive nouns or partitives. Some words that form the second part of the construction take specific partitives (also called unit nouns) a Partitives are useful because they provide a means of counting uncount nouns.(Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Partitives With Nouns of Location and Time Partitives are  found with nouns of location (the end of the street, the back of the house etc.) and time (the end of the day, the middle of the week, the beginning of the month). These partitives of location and time are almost always found with the frame the partitive of the noun. (Dave Willis,  Rules, Patterns and Words: Grammar and Lexis in English Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press,  2003)  One day toward the end of the  month the wind veered around  to the southwest again and clouds moved in, bringing with them a heavy downpour. (John Hanson Mitchell,  Living at the End of Time: Two Years in a Tiny House.  University Press of New England, 2014)   Partitives With Foods and Liquids Some partitives, such as gallon/liter of, can be applied to any head noun that is a liquid, and partitives such as ton/gram/pound of can be used to quantify anything that is appropriately measured by weight. Similarly, partitives such as a bottle of can be applied to different types of liquids that come in this container (e.g., beer, wine, catsup, milk). In contrast, partitives used to quantify food are more restricted. Portions of baked goods such as cake, pie, pizza, and bread are measured by slices, and only bread is quantified by the partitive count noun loaf. Certain types of vegetables (e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce) are quantified by head.  (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008)  The pub is very smart  and popular with foreigners, who can order Leopold Blooms lunch- a gorgonzola sandwich and a glass of burgundy- for about fifteen dollars during the summer high season. (Bill Barich,  A Pint of Plain: Tradition, Change and the Fate of the Irish Pub.  Bloomsbury, 2010) Functions of Partitives Partitive expressions collocate strongly with particular non-count nouns: a​ ... Partitive expressions commonly refer to the shape, size, movement or the amount of something: Theres a whole ... Some partitive expressions with -ful refer to containers or spaces which commonly hold the item referred to. These include bowlful of, cupful of, fistful of, handful of, mouthful of, spoonful of: He gave me a The plural of such expressions is usually formed by adding -s after -ful.(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006)

The Issues In The Preamble To The Constitution Of 1787 Essay

The Issues In The Preamble To The Constitution Of 1787 - Essay Example The struggle witnessed while the historical time brought change on how the British colony treated the American people. The founding father of the nation devised methods to liberalize the American people. The colonial government insisted on using their laws to govern the people whereas the people felt that there was the need to bring end colonialism (Urofsky&Finkelman, 2011).On May 25, 1787, an occasion was organized in the Pennsylvania State House. Robert Morris participated in the meeting that was seeking to bring change in America. The delegates who had met started a constitutional making process and in August 6,187 a copy of the Constitution had been made. George Mason agitated for constitutional amendments so that it could address the plight of Americans. In 1788, many states had accepted the Constitution amid the tension that existed during the time. Discussions pertaining how business was carried out in the US was a major issue that that was to be addressed because it was attri buted to slavery.Proponents of slavery proposed the imposition of taxation of slavery. The country slave trade had become rampant, and Mason questioned issues relating to slavery.Britain had instilled fear into the people and used the method of dividing people to govern the country. The colonial masters wanted Americans to retain their laws an idea that was opposed by the founding father of the nation. They fought for a constitution that was to bring checks and balances in the American society.